|  e-ISSN: 2618-589X

Original article | TAY Journal 2024, Vol. 8(1) 98-122

Examination of Peer Bullying in Primary School Students in Terms of Various Variables

Ali Demircioğlu, Cüneyit Akar

pp. 98 - 122   |  DOI: https://doi.org/10.29329/ tayjournal.2024.625.04   |  Manu. Number: tay journal.2024.004

Published online: March 31, 2024  |   Number of Views: 47  |  Number of Download: 204


Abstract

This research was conducted to determine the levels of primary school students' exposure to peer bullying at school and to examine their levels of exposure to bullying in terms of gender, grade level, television watching time, tablet and mobile phone usage time. Descriptive scanning method was used in the research. The study group of the research consists of 282 primary school students studying in a province in the Aegean Region in the 2022-2023 academic year. A personal information form prepared by the researchers and a scale called "Violence/Bullying in Schools" was used as a data collection tools. When the findings were examined, it was seen that 41% of the students were exposed to bullying at school, and the type of bullying behavior they encountered most was verbal bullying. According to the results, in the physical bullying category, pushing, hair and ear pulling; name-calling and teasing in the verbal bullying category; In the emotional bullying category, exclusion and humiliation from the group were found to be more common behaviors among peers. In all types of bullying, male students are more exposed to peer bullying than female students and 4th grade students are more exposed to peer bullying than other grade levels. While no significant relationship could be detected between the time spent watching television and types of bullying, high positive relationships were detected between the time spent on mobile phones-tablets and types of bullying.

Keywords: Peer bullying, primary school, undesirable behaviors


How to Cite this Article?

APA 6th edition
Demircioglu, A. & Akar, C. (2024). Examination of Peer Bullying in Primary School Students in Terms of Various Variables . TAY Journal, 8(1), 98-122. doi: 10.29329/ tayjournal.2024.625.04

Harvard
Demircioglu, A. and Akar, C. (2024). Examination of Peer Bullying in Primary School Students in Terms of Various Variables . TAY Journal, 8(1), pp. 98-122.

Chicago 16th edition
Demircioglu, Ali and Cuneyit Akar (2024). "Examination of Peer Bullying in Primary School Students in Terms of Various Variables ". TAY Journal 8 (1):98-122. doi:10.29329/ tayjournal.2024.625.04.

References

    Adalar-Çelenk, T. E., & Yıldızlar, O. (2019). Lise öğrencilerinde akran zorbalığı ve mağduriyetinin incelenmesi [Examining peer bullying and victimization in high school students]. Journal of Healt and Life Sciences, 1(2), 24-31.

    Ahmed, B., Yousaf, F. N., Ahmad, A., Zohra, T., & Ullah, W. (2023). Bullying in educational institutions: College students’ experiences. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 28(9), 2713-2719.

    Akpınar, A., & Akpınar, A. (2022). İlköğretim okullarında akran zorbalığına dair öğretmen görüşleri [Teachers’ views on peer bullying in primary school]. Mustafa Kemal University Faculty of Education Journal, 6(9), 215-231.

    Alikaşifoğlu, M., Erginoz, E., Ercan, O., Uysal, O., Kaymak, D. A., & İlter, O. (2004). Violent behaviour among Turkish high school students and correlates of physical fighting. European Journal of Public Health, 14(2), 173–177.

    Almahasnih, A. F. S. (2019). The phenomenon of bullying: A case study of jordanian schools at Tafila. World Journal of Education, 9(1), 243-254.

    Alrokban, A. H., Alzaidi, R. M., Alqahtani, S. A., Almoayad, F., & Fiala, L. E. (2019). Bullying and its risk factors among elememtary school children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. International Research Journal of Public and Environmental Health, 6(6), 105-114.

    Altun-Kobul, F., Karahan, D., Yavrutürk, A. R., & Köse, N. (2022). Lise öğretmenlerinin ve öğrencilerinin zorbalık algılarının incelenmesi [Examining the bullying perceptions of high school teachers and students]. Blue Atlas, 10(1), 151-181.

    Altuntaş, Z., & Sulak, S. E. (2022). İlkokullarda yaşanan akran zorbalığının sınıf öğretmenlerinin görüşleri doğrultusunda incelenmesi [Examining peer bullying in primary schools in line with the opinions of classroom teachers]. Sakarya University Faculty of Education Journal, 22(2), 128-143.

    Antiri, K. O. (2016). Types of bullying in the senior high schools in Ghana. Journal of Education and Practice,7(36), 131-138.

    Aydemir, F., Göçen, A., & Yıldırım, İ. (2021). Ortaokul öğrencilerinin merhamet ve zorbalık kavramlarına ilişkin algıları [Secondary school students’ perceptions of the concepts of compassion and bullying]. Manisa Celal Bayar University Journal of the Faculty of Education, 9(1), 17-31.

    Balaban-Salı, J., Ergün-Başak, B., & Baştürk-Akça, E. (2015). Türkiye’de ortaokul öğrencileri arasında siber zorbalık [Cyber bullying among secondary school students in Turkey]. Anadolu Journal of Educational Sciences İnternational, 5(2), 109-130.

    Başar, M., & Çetin, Ö. (2013). İlk ve orta öğretim öğrencilerinin zorba davranışlara başvurma düzeyleri ve bu davranışları öğrenme ortamlarının incelenmesi [Examining the levels of primary and secondary school students resorting to bullying behavior and the environments in which they learn these behaviors]. E-Journal of New World Sciences Academy, 8(4), 474-488.

    Bayar, S. (2018). Zorbalığa maruz kalan özel yetenekli öğrencilerin zorbalık algıları [Perceptions of bullying by specially talented people who are exposed to bullying]. (Publication No. 525491) [Master thesis, Anadolu University]. National Thesis Center.

    Bayar, A., & Balcı, M. (2023). Okul rehber öğretmenlerinin bakış açısından akran zorbalığı ve çözüm yolları [Peer bullying and solutions from the perspective of school counselors]. Eurasian Journal of Social and Economic Research, 10(4), 87-105.

    Besag, V. E. (1989). Bullies and victims in schools. Open University.

    Cenkseven-Önder, F., & Sarı, M. (2012). İlköğretim öğrencilerinde zorbalık ve okul yaşam kalitesi [Bullying and quality of school life in primary school students]. Primary Education Online Journal, 11(4), 897-914.

    Çankaya, İ. (2011). İlköğretimde akran zorbalığı [Peer bullying in primary education]. Uludağ University Faculty of Education Journal, 24(1), 81-92.

    Çarkıt, E., & Bacanlı, F. (2020). Okullarda akran zorbalığı: Öğretmen görüşlerine göre nitel bir çalışma [Peer bullying in schools: A qualitative study according to teachers’ opinions]. International Journal of Social Research, 15(24), 2547-2583.

    Çelik, B. (2017). Lise öğrencilerinin zorba davranışları ve rehberlik ihtiyaçlarının incelenmesi [Examining high school students’ bullying behaviors and guidance needs]. (Publication No. 461407) [Master thesis, İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim University]. National Thesis Center.

    Çınkır, S. (2006). Okullarda zorbalık: Türleri, etkileri ve önleme stratejileri [Bullying in schools: Types, effects and prevention strategies]. I. Violence and School Symposium, Ministry of Education and Unicef Collaboration, İstanbul.

    Çınkır, Ş., & Karaman-Kepenekçi, Y. (2003). Öğrenciler arası zorbalık [Bullying between students]. Educational Management in Theory and Practice, 34(34), 236-253.

    Dawes, M., Gariton, C., Starrett, A., Irdam, G., & Irvin, M. J. (2022). Preservice teachers’ knowledge and attitudes toward bullying: A systematic review. Review of Educational Research, 93(2), 195-235. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543221094081

    Demir, A. (2012). Akran zorbalığına karışan ve karışmayan ilköğretim öğrencilerinin utanç ve suçluluk duygularının ve adil dünya inançlarının incelenmesi [Examining the feelings of shame and guilt and just world beliefs of primary school students who are and are not involved in peer bullying]. (Publication No. 327754) [Master thesis, Maltepe University]. National Thesis Center.

    Demirel, S. (2022). İlkokul öğrencilerinin teknoloji bağımlılığı düzeyleri ile problem çözme becerileri, akran zorbalığı ve sosyal kaygı düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi [Examining the relationship between technology addiction levels of primary school students and their problem-solving skills, peer bullying and social anxiety levels]. (Publication No. 29443226) [Master thesis, Marmara University]. PreQuest.

    Dilmaç, E. (2014). Lise öğrencilerinin zorbalık düzeylerinin bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi [Examining the bullying levels of high school students in terms of some variables]. (Publication No. 361924) [Master thesis, Bülent Ecevit University]. National Thesis Center.

    Duan, L., Shao, X., Wang, Y., Huang, Y., Miao, J., Yang, X. & Zhu, G. (2020). An investigation of mental health status of children and adolescents in China during the outbreak of Covid-19. Journal of Affective Disorders, 275, 112–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.029

    Gencer, H. (2017). Ortaokul öğrencilerinde internet bağımlılığı ve siber zorbalık davranışları ile ilişkili değişkenlerin incelenmesi [Examination of variables related to internet addiction and cyberbullying behaviors in secondary school students]. (Publication No. 454387) [Master thesis, Cumhuriyet University]. National Thesis Center.

    Gökkaya, F., & Tekinsav-Sütcü, S. (2018). Ortaokul öğrencilerinin zorbalık eğilimi ile empati arasındaki ilişkide aleksitiminin aracı rolü [The mediating role of alexithymia in the relationship between bullying tendency and empathy of secondary school students]. Journal of Youth Research, 6(15), 43-64.

    Gökkaya, F., & Tekinsav-Sütcü, S. (2020). Akran zorbalığının ortaokul öğrencileri arasındaki yaygınlığının incelenmesi [Examining the prevalence of peer bullying among secondary school students]. Hacettepe University Faculty of Education Journal, 35(1), 40-54.

    Griffin, R. S., & Alan, M. G. (2004). Childhood bullying: Current empirical findings and future directions for research. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 9(4), 379-400.

    Gümüşler-Başaran, A. (2014). Rize ili lise öğrencilerinde akran zorbalığı ve zorbalığı önleme eğitimi etkisinin değerlendirilmesi [Evaluation of the effect of peer bullying and bullying prevention education on high school students in Rize]. (Publication No. 388447) [Doctoral dissertation, Cumhuriyet University]. National Thesis Center.

    Güneş, E. (2018). Zorbalık eğilimi, duygusal özerklik ve akıllı telefon bağımlılığı arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi [Examining the relationship between bullying tendency, emotional autonomy and smartphone addiction]. (Publication No. 529475) [Master thesis, İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim University]. National Thesis Center.

    Hamurcu, S. (2020). İlkokul öğrencilerinde akran zorbalığı: Ankara Pursaklar örneği [Peer bullying among primary school students: Ankara Pursaklar example]. International Journal of Social Research, 16(Special Issue), 5542-5564.

     

     

    Hilooğlu, S., & Cenkseven-Önder, F. (2010). İlköğretim ikinci kademe öğrencilerinde zorbalığı yordamada sosyal beceri ve yaşam doyumunun rolü [The role of social skills and life satisfaction in predicting bullying in second grade primary school students]. Primary Education Online Journal, 9(3), 1159-1173.

    Kale, M., & Demir, S. (2017). İlkokul öğrencilerinin akran zorbalığına ilişkin görüşlerinin bazı demografik değişkenler açısından incelenmesi [Examining primary school students’ views on peer bullying in terms of some demographic variables]. TÜBAV Science Journal, 10(3), 74-85.

    Karabulut, R., Kucur, A., Yıldızili, F., Çetin, G., & Eroğlu, S. (2023). Akran zorbalığına maruz kalmış ortaokul öğrencilerinin akran zorbalığı ile baş etme yöntemlerinin incelenmesi [Examining the methods of starting peer bullying among secondary school students who were exposed to peer bullying]. Kayseri University Journal of Social Sciences, 5(1), 33-50.

    Karasar, N. (2011). Araştırmalarda rapor hazırlama [Preparing reports in research]. Nobel.

    Kocaşahan, N. (2012). Lise ve üniversite öğrencilerinde akran zorbalığı ve sanal zorbalık [Peer bullying and cyberbullying in high school and universtiy students]. (Publication No. 314053) [Master thesis, Balıkesir University]. National Thesis Center.

    Kocatürk, M. (2014). Ortaokul öğrencilerinde akran zorbalığı ile siber zorbalık arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi [Examining the relationship between peer bullying and cyberbullying in secondary school students]. (Publication No. 370191) [Master thesis, İstanbul University]. National Thesis Center.

    Kurtça, T. T., Çağlar, E. E., & Özcan, Y. S. (2020). Akran zorbalığı ve travma sonrası stres bozukluğu arasındaki ilişkinin gözden geçirilmesi [A review of the relationship between peer bullying and post-traumatic stress disorder]. Kastamonu Education Journal, 28(2), 584-595.

    Kutlu, M. (2020). İlkokul 3.sınıf ve 4.sınıf öğrencilerinin akran zorbalığına ilişkin görüşlerinin incelenmesi [Examining the opinions of primary school 3rd and 4 th grade students regarding peer bullying]. [Unpublished master thesis]. Afyon Kocatepe University.

    Kutlu, M., & Hamiden-Karaca, N. H. (2021). Akran zorbalığı farkındalık eğitim programının 3. ve 4. sınıf öğrencilerinin akran zorbalığına yönelik görüşlerine etkisinin incelenmesi [Examining the effect of peer bullying on the views of 3rd and 4th graders of the annual education program towards peer bullying]. Child and Development Journal, 4(8), 18-45.

    Lim, S. J. J., & Hoot, J. L. (2015). Bullying in an increasingly diverse school population: A socio-ecological model analysis. School Psychology International, 36(3), 268-282. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143034315571158  

    Mercan, H., & Yıldırım-Sarı, H. (2018). Lise öğrencilerinde akran zorbalığı ve sosyodemografik değişkenlerle ilişkisi [Peer bullying in high school students and its relationship with sociodemographic variables]. Florence Nightingale Nursing Journal, 26(1), 21-29.

    Nas, E., Sak, R., & Tanhan, F. (2021). Lise öğrencilerinin merhamet düzeylerinin sosyo-demografik değişkenlere göre incelenmesi [Examining the compassion levels of high school students according to socio-demographic variables]. National Education Journal, 50(231), 305-334.

    Nasheeda, A., Hassan, N. C., & Hassan, S. A. (2017). Relationships between bullies, victims and mental health issues among adolescents. The Maldives National Journal of Research, 5(1), 23-44.

    Nurlia, A., & Suardiman, S. P. (2020). The phenomenon of bullying in junior high school students nowadays. International Journal of Education and Learning, 2(1), 7-13.

    Olweus, D. (1993). Bullying at school: What we know and what we can do. Blackwell.

    Özcan, A., Şermet-Kaya, Ş., Özdil, K., Küçük-Öztürk, G., Sezer, F., Niğdelioğlu, D., & Yaşar, Z. (2020). Lise öğrencilerinde şiddet eğilimi ve etkileyen faktörler [Tendency to violence in high school students and affecting factors]. Journal of Public Health Nursing, 2(1), 2-13.

    Özdemir, M., & Akar, F. (2011). Lise öğrencilerinin siber zorbalığa ilişkin görüşlerinin bazı değişkenler bakımından incelenmesi [Examining high school students’ views on cyberbullying in terms of some variables]. Journal of Educational Management in Theory and Practice, 17(4), 605-626.

    Özen, D. Ş. (2006). Akran zorbalığına maruz kalmanın olası yordayıcıları ve cinsiyet ile yaşa bağlı değişimi [Possible predictors of exposure to peer bullying and its variation depending on gender and age]. 1st Violence and School Symposium: Abstracts, İstanbul, Turkey.

    Pateraki, L., & Houndoumadi, A. (2001). Bullying among primary school children in athens, Greece. Educational Psychology, 21(2), 167-175.

    Pečjak, S., & Pirc, T. (2017). School climate in peer bullying: Observers’ and active participants’ perceptions. Horizons of Psychology, 26, 74-82.

    Pişkin, M. (2002). Okul zorbalığı: Tanımı, türleri, ilişkili olduğu faktörler ve alınabilecek önlemler [School bullying: Definition, types, related factors and precautions that can be taken]. Journal of Educational Sciences in Theory and Practice, 2(2), 533-551.

    Pişkin, M. (2010). Ankara’daki ilköğretim öğrencileri arasında akran zorbalığının incelenmesi [Examining peer bullying among primary school students in Ankara]. Journal of Education and Science, 35(156), 175-189.

    Radwan, N., Abd-Ellatif, E. E., & Abu-Elenin, M. (2021). Bullying and associated common health manifestations among primary school children in Tanta city, Egypt. The Egyptian Family Medicine Journal, 5(2), 4-19.

    Ramdani, A., Artayasa, I. P., & Jamaluddin, J. (2021). Bullying types for Lombok Island middle school students and solutions to reduce it. Prisma Sains: Jurnal Pengkajian Ilmu dan Pembelajaran Matematika dan IPA IKIP Mataram, 9(2), 389-395.

    Sarı, K. (2019). Akran zorbalığının çeşitli değişkenler açısından değerlendirilmesi [Evaluation of peer bullying in terms of various variables]. (Publication No. 579002) [Master thesis, Üsküdar University]. National Thesis Center.

    Sarı, C., & Demirbağ, B. C. (2019). İlk ve ortaokul öğrencilerinde akran zorbalığının sosyodemografik değişkenler açısından değerlendiirilmesi: İlçe örneği [Evaluation of peer bullying in primary and secondary school students in terms of sociodemographic variables: District example]. Journal of Public Healt Nursing, 1(3), 119-131.

    Scheithauer, H., Hayer, T., Petermann, F., & Jugert, G. (2006). Physical, verbal and relational forms of bullying among German students: Age trends, gender differences and correlates. Official Journal of the International Society for Research on Aggression, 32(3), 261-275.

    Selfhout, M. H. W., Branje, S. J. T., Delsing, M., Ter Bogt, T. F. M., & Meeus, W. H. J. (2009). Different types of internet use, depression, and social anxiety: The role of perceived friendship quality. Journal of Adolescence, 32(4), 819–833. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2008.10.011

    Stankovic, S., Santric-Milicevic, M., Nikolic, D., Bjelica, N., Babic, U., Rakic, L., Terzic-Supic, Z., & Todorovic, J. (2022). The association between participation in fights and bullying and the perception of school, teachers, and peers among school-age children in Serbia. Children, 9(1), 116. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9010116

    Şardağ, H., & Yılmaz, E. B. (2023). Lise öğrencilerinin akran zorbalığına yönelik algılarının metafor analizi yöntemiyle değerlendirilmesi [Evaluation of high school students’ perceptions of peer bullying using metaphor analysis method]. Eastern Black Sea Journal of Health Ssciences, 2(3), 97-109.

    Tani, F., Paul, S., Greenman, B. H., & Schneider, F. (2003). Bullying and the big five: A study of childhood personality and participant roles on bullying incidents. School Psychology International, 24(2), 131- 146.

    Tatlılıoğlu, K. (2016). Okullarda şiddet ve zorbalık: Risk faktörleri, koruma, önleme ve müdahale hizmetleri: Konya örneği [Violence and bullying in schools: Risk factors, protection, prevention and intervention services: Konya example]. Bingöl University Social Sciences Institute Journal, 6(12), 209-231.

    Üstün, A., & Şenyer, D. (2022). Ortaokullarda karşılaşılan akran zorbalığı ve akran zorbalığına karşı öğretmen görüşleri [Peer bullying encountered in secondary schools and teacher opinions against peer bullying]. Journal of Social, Mentality and Research Thinkers, 8(61), 1176-1183.

    Veldkamp, S. A. M., Van Bergen, E., De Zeeuw, E. L., Van Beijsterveldt, C. E. M., Boomsma, D. I., & Bartels, M. (2017). Bullying and victimization: The effect of close companionship. Twin Research and Human Genetics, 20(1), 19-27.

    Whitted K. S., & Dupper, D. R. (2005). Best practises for preventing or reducing bullying in schools. Children and Schools, 27(3), 167– 175.

     

     

    Yılmaz, Z. H., & Malkoç, A. (2020). Kaynaştırma sınıfına devam eden zihin yetersizliği olan öğrencilere uygulanan akran zorbalığına ilişkin öğretmen görüşleri [Teacher opinions regarding peer bullying applied to students with intellectual disabilities attending an inclusive classroom]. Trakya Education Journal, 10(1), 92-111.

    Yurtal, F., & Cenkseven, F. (2007). İlköğretim okullarında zorbalığın yaygınlığı ve doğası [Prevalence and nature of bullying in primary schools]. Journal of Educational Management in Theory and Practice, 3(28), 1-13.